Patient resource library
Information on Gum Disease
In brief
Periodontal (gum) disease ranges from gingivitis, a mild and reversible inflammation that makes the gums red, swollen and prone to bleeding, to periodontitis, which destroys the tissue and bone that support the teeth. Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis and can eventually lead to tooth loss and other health problems.
Types of Gum Disease
Gingivitis is the mildest, reversible form of gum disease. Untreated, it can advance to periodontitis and tooth loss. Learn the forms of periodontitis.
Learn moreGum Disease Risk Factors
Plaque is the main cause of gum disease, but age, smoking, genetics, stress, medications, teeth grinding, diabetes and poor nutrition raise your risk.
Learn moreGum Disease Symptoms
Bleeding, swollen or receding gums, loose teeth, bad breath and changes in your bite can all be signs of gum disease. See the full list of warning signs.
Learn moreGum Disease and Other Diseases
Gum disease is linked with diabetes, heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, respiratory disease and some cancers. Learn how inflammation connects them.
Learn moreGum Disease and Women
Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and menopause can affect a woman's gums. Learn the signs and why a periodontal evaluation matters.
Learn moreGum Disease and Men
Periodontal disease is more common in men than women. Learn how gum health may relate to prostate health, heart disease, impotence and cancer risk.
Learn moreGum Disease and Children
Chronic gingivitis is common in children and aggressive periodontitis can affect teens. Learn the four warning signs and how parents can help prevent it.
Learn moreComprehensive Periodontal Evaluation
A comprehensive periodontal evaluation checks your teeth, plaque, gums, bite, bone structure and risk factors. Learn why adults should have one yearly.
Learn more
Frequently asked questions
What is gum disease?
Gum (periodontal) disease is an infection and chronic inflammation of the gums and the tissues and bone that support the teeth. Its mildest form is gingivitis; untreated, it can advance to periodontitis, in which pockets form between the teeth and gums and the supporting bone is destroyed.
What causes gum disease?
The main cause of periodontal disease is plaque. Other factors, including age, smoking, genetics, stress, certain medications, clenching or grinding your teeth, systemic diseases such as diabetes, and poor nutrition, also affect the health of your gums.
How often should my gums be checked?
The American Academy of Periodontology recommends that all adults receive a comprehensive periodontal evaluation every year.
Book a periodontal consultation
Request an appointment online or call our office. We're at 1200 Eglinton Ave W in Toronto, a short walk from Cedarvale Station.